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As Christians, we find ourselves at a crossroads when exploring the impact of social media on our physical, mental, and spiritual health. The Bible obviously doesn’t mention social media directly, but it does provide us with timeless wisdom that can guide our approach to this modern problem. We also have valuable scientific research that offers insight into the effects of social media on our brains and behavior.

In this article, we’ll explore the intricate relationship between social media addiction, mental health, and faith. We’ll study the latest scientific findings, examine biblical principles, and provide advice for maintaining a healthy balance in our digital lives. By the end of this journey, we hope to provide you with an in-depth understanding of social media addiction and equip you with the tools to navigate this challenging aspect of everyday life.

Is Social Media Dangerous?

Before we dive into social media addiction, it’s important to address a fundamental question: Is social media dangerous? The answer isn’t a simple yes or no because social media is a tool, and its impact depends on how we use it.

Social media has brought about many positive developments in our society. It has connected people worldwide, helped to exchange important information, and provided platforms for all voices to be heard. Thanks to these social platforms, many of us have experienced the joy of reconnecting with old friends or staying in touch with family members we don’t often see.

However, as we all know, too much of a good thing can be bad for you. This is where the danger of social media manifests. The danger lies not in its existence but in its potential for overuse and misuse. The features that make social media engaging and useful are the same things that make it addictive and harmful when used excessively.

Is Social Media Addictive?

To understand whether social media is truly addictive, we have to define addiction. Addiction is most commonly associated with substances like drugs or alcohol, but in recent years, the concept of behavioral addictions has gained recognition in the scientific community.

Behavioral addictions involve compulsive engagement in behaviors that can be rewarding despite negative consequences. These can include common societal activities like gambling, shopping, or, in our case, social media use. While not all excessive behaviors qualify as addictions, there’s growing evidence to suggest that social media use can indeed become addictive for some individuals.

So, what exactly makes social media potentially addictive? The answer is in the way these platforms are designed and how they interact with our brain’s reward system. Social media companies employ teams of psychologists and user experience experts to make sure their platforms are as engaging and addictive as possible. They use a variety of techniques to keep us scrolling, liking, and sharing. These include:

1. Variable reward schedules: This is the same principle used in slot machines. When we check our social media, we never know what we’ll find—a funny meme, an interesting news article, or a like or comment on our recent post. This unpredictability keeps us coming back for more.
2. Social validation: Likes, comments, and shares trigger the release of dopamine in our brains, creating a pleasurable sensation that we want to experience again and again.
3. Fear of missing out (FOMO): Social media platforms create a sense that important things are happening all the time, making us afraid to disconnect in case we miss out on something crucial.
4. Infinite scrolling: Many platforms have eliminated natural stopping points, making it easy to keep scrolling, otherwise known as doomscrolling.
5. Notifications: Push notifications serve as constant reminders to check our devices, interrupting our focus and pulling us back into the digital world.

These intricate design features tap into fundamental human needs for connection, validation, and information. When combined with the accessibility of our devices, which allow us to access social media anytime and anywhere, it’s easy to see how social media use can become problematic for many.

What Is Social Media Addiction?

Now that we’ve established how social media can be addictive for some, let’s explain what we mean by social media addiction. Social media addiction refers to the compulsive use of social platforms to the point that it interferes with your daily life. It’s characterized by an overwhelming need to use social media, which often results in neglecting personal relationships, work or school responsibilities, and even physical health.

Dr. Kimberly Young, a pioneer in the field of internet addiction, has proposed diagnostic criteria for social media addiction that mirror those used for substance addictions. These include:

1. Preoccupation with social media
2. Withdrawal symptoms when unable to access social media
3. Tolerance (needing to spend more time on social media to get the same “high”)
4. Unsuccessful attempts to cut back on social media use
5. Loss of interest in other activities
6. Continued use despite negative consequences
7. Lying about or hiding social media use
8. Using social media to escape negative feelings

It’s important to note that not everyone who uses social media frequently is addicted. The distinction lies in the negative impact on one’s life and the inability to control usage despite these negative consequences.

What Research Says About Social Media Addiction

As concerns about social media addiction have grown, so has the body of research examining this phenomenon. Let’s take a look at some key findings from recent studies:

1. Prevalence: A 2019 study published in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions found that approximately 5% of adolescents met the criteria for social media addiction. However, estimates vary widely depending on the criteria used and the population studied.
2. Mental health impact: Numerous studies have linked excessive social media use to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. For example, a 2017 study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that young adults with high social media usage (more than 2 hours per day) were twice as likely to experience social isolation compared to those who spent less than half an hour per day on social media.
3. Sleep disruption: Research has consistently shown that social media use, especially before bedtime, can negatively impact sleep quality and duration. A 2016 study in the Journal of Adolescence found that nighttime social media use was associated with poorer sleep quality, higher levels of anxiety, and lower self-esteem.
4. Brain changes: Neuroimaging studies have shown that social media addiction activates the same brain regions as drug addictions. A 2019 study in Addictive Behaviors Reports found that individuals with problematic social media use showed reduced gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex, an area involved in emotion regulation and impulse control.
5. Academic performance: Several studies have found a negative correlation between social media addiction and academic performance. A 2015 study in Computers in Human Behavior reported that students who used social media while studying scored lower on tests compared to those who didn’t.

These findings paint a concerning picture of the potential impacts of social media addiction. However, it’s important to remember that correlation doesn’t always equal causation. Many of these studies can’t definitively say whether social media causes these issues or if people with preexisting conditions are more likely to develop problematic social media use.

Social Media Addiction Statistics

To further illustrate the scope of this issue, let’s look at some eye-opening statistics related to social media use and addiction:

1. According to a 2021 report by DataReportal, the average person spends 2 hours and 25 minutes per day on social media.
2. A 2018 Pew Research Center study found that 95% of teens have access to a smartphone, and 45% say they are online “almost constantly.”
3. The same Pew study reported that 31% of teens believe social media has a mostly positive effect on their lives, while 24% believe it has a mostly negative effect.
4. A 2019 survey by Common Sense Media found that 50% of teens report feeling addicted to their mobile devices.
5. A 2018 study in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology found that limiting social media use to 30 minutes per day led to significant reductions in loneliness and depression.

These statistics highlight the impact of social media in our lives and the growing awareness of its potential negative impacts. They also highlight the importance of understanding and addressing social media addiction.

Signs of Social Media Addiction

Recognizing the signs of social media addiction is crucial for addressing the problem. Here are some common indicators that social media use may have become problematic:

1. Constant checking: Feeling an irresistible urge to check social media accounts frequently, even in inappropriate situations (like during work meetings or family dinners).
2. Loss of time awareness: Spending more time on social media than intended, often losing track of time while scrolling.
3. Neglecting responsibilities: Letting social media use interfere with work, school, or household duties.
4. Withdrawal symptoms: Feeling anxious, irritable, or restless when unable to access social media.
5. Failed attempts to cut back: Making repeated unsuccessful attempts to reduce social media use.
6. Using social media to cope: Turning to social media as a way to escape from problems or negative emotions.
7. Relationship issues: Experiencing conflicts with friends or family members due to constant social media use.
8. Decreased real-world social interaction: Preferring online interactions over face-to-face conversations.
9. Physical symptoms: Experiencing headaches, eye strain, or sleep disturbances due to excessive screen time.
10. Preoccupation: Constantly thinking about social media or planning the next post even when not online.

If you or someone you know is exhibiting several of these signs, it may be time to consider seeking help or making changes to social media habits.

Effects of Social Media Overuse

Social media addiction can have widespread effects, influencing various aspects of an individual’s life. Let’s explore some of the key effects:

Physical Effects

1. Sleep disturbances: The blue light emitted by screens can interfere with the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep. Additionally, the stimulating nature of social media can make it difficult to wind down before bed.
2. Eye strain: Prolonged screen time can lead to digital eye strain, causing symptoms like dry eyes, blurred vision, and headaches.
3. Posture problems: Constantly hunching over devices can lead to neck and back pain, a condition sometimes referred to as “text neck.”
4. Reduced physical activity: Time spent on social media often comes at the expense of physical activity, potentially contributing to a sedentary lifestyle.
5. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Repetitive motions like scrolling and typing on mobile devices can lead to wrist and hand pain.

Mental Health Effects

1. Anxiety and depression: Numerous studies have linked excessive social media use to increased rates of anxiety and depression. The constant comparison to others’ highlight reels can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.
2. Loneliness and social isolation: Despite being designed to connect people, social media can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, especially when it replaces real-world interactions.
3. Attention problems: The constant stream of information on social media can lead to decreased attention spans and difficulty focusing on tasks.
4. Fear of missing out (FOMO): Social media can create or exacerbate anxiety about missing out on social events or experiences.
5. Body image issues: Exposure to idealized and often unrealistic body images on social media can contribute to poor body image and eating disorders, particularly among young people.

Cognitive Effects

1. Memory issues: Constantly consuming bite-sized pieces of information can potentially impact our ability to form and retain long-term memories.
2. Reduced creativity: While social media can be a source of inspiration, overuse can lead to information overload and reduced original thinking.
3. Impaired decision-making: Some studies suggest that excessive social media use can impact the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain responsible for decision-making and impulse control.
4. Decreased empathy: Overreliance on digital communication may reduce our ability to read social cues and empathize with others in face-to-face interactions.

Social and Relationship Effects

1. Relationship conflicts: Excessive social media use can lead to conflicts in relationships, whether due to neglect, jealousy, or misunderstandings.
2. Reduced quality of interactions: Even when physically present with others, the habit of checking social media can lead to less meaningful interactions.
3. Online vs. offline persona discrepancy: The curated nature of social media can create a disconnect between a person’s online persona and their real-life self, potentially leading to identity issues.
4. Cyberbullying: Social media platforms can facilitate bullying and harassment, which can have severe psychological consequences.

Academic and Professional Effects

1. Reduced productivity: Constant interruptions from social media notifications can significantly impact work or academic performance.
2. Missed opportunities: Time spent on social media is time not spent on personal or professional development activities.
3. Digital footprint concerns: Inappropriate social media posts can have long-lasting consequences on one’s reputation and career prospects.

How Social Media Addiction Affects The Brain

To truly understand the addictive nature of social media, we need to look at its effects on the brain. Neuroscientific research has shown that social media use can trigger the same neurological circuits as addictive substances.

1. Dopamine release: Social media interactions, such as receiving likes or comments, trigger the release of dopamine in the brain’s reward center. This creates a pleasurable sensation that encourages repetition, much like the high from certain drugs.
2. Intermittent reinforcement: The unpredictable nature of social media rewards (you never know when you’ll get a like or a comment) creates a pattern of intermittent reinforcement, which is known to be addictive.
3. Activation of the amygdala: The amygdala, the part of the brain associated with emotional processing, becomes highly active during social media use, often intensifying emotional responses to online interactions.
4. Changes in the prefrontal cortex: Some studies suggest that excessive social media use may impact the prefrontal cortex, potentially affecting impulse control and decision-making abilities.
5. Neuroplasticity: Regular, intense experiences (like those provided by social media) can change the structure of our brains over time, potentially making it harder to break the habit.

Understanding these neurological effects can help us appreciate why social media can be so compelling and why breaking a social media addiction can be challenging.

Spiritual Effects

As Christians, it’s crucial that we also consider the spiritual implications of social media addiction. While the Bible doesn’t specifically mention social media, it does provide principles that can guide our approach to this modern challenge.

1. Idolatry: In Exodus 20:3, God commands, “You shall have no other gods before me.” From the earliest story of humanity, Scripture shows how easily our attention can shift from trusting God to pursuing something that promises satisfaction apart from Him. When social media becomes an obsession that takes precedence over our relationship with God, it can become a form of idolatry.
2. Comparison and envy: Proverbs 14:30 warns, “A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones.” Social media’s emphasis on presenting idealized versions of our lives can fuel unhealthy comparison and envy.
3. Distraction from spiritual disciplines: Constant social media use can distract us from important spiritual practices like prayer, Bible study, and meditation. As Jesus said in Matthew 6:6, “But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen.”
4. Neglect of real-world relationships: The Bible emphasizes the importance of community and face-to-face relationships. Hebrews 10:24–25 encourages us, “And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds, not giving up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but encouraging one another.”
5. Time stewardship: Ephesians 5:15–16 advises, “Be very careful, then, how you live—not as unwise but as wise, making the most of every opportunity, because the days are evil.” Excessive time spent on social media may not align with good stewardship of the time God has given us.
6. Impact on our witness: As Christians, we’re called to be salt and light in the world (Matthew 5:13–16). Our social media habits, both in terms of time spent and content shared, can either enhance or hinder our witness to others.
7. Seeking validation from the wrong source: Social media can foster a need for constant affirmation through likes and comments. However, as Christians, our ultimate validation should come from God. As Galatians 1:10 reminds us, “Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not be a servant of Christ.”

These spiritual effects underscore the importance of using social media with intentionality and wisdom, always keeping our relationship with God at the center of our lives.

How to Stop Social Media Addiction

Recognizing the need to address social media addiction is an important first step. Here are some strategies to tackle this modern challenge:

1. Digital detox: Consider taking a break from social media for a set period, whether it’s a day, a week, or longer. This can help reset your habits and provide perspective on your usage.
2. Set boundaries: Establish specific times for checking social media and stick to them. For example, you might decide to only check social media during your lunch break and after dinner.
3. Turn off notifications: Disable push notifications for social media apps to reduce the temptation to constantly check your phone.
4. Use screen time tracking tools: Many smartphones now have built-in features that track your app usage. Use these to become more aware of your social media habits.
5. Find alternative activities: Replace social media time with other activities you enjoy, such as reading, exercising, or spending time with friends and family.
6. Practice mindfulness: When you feel the urge to check social media, pause and ask yourself why. Are you bored? Anxious? Understanding your triggers can help you address the root causes.
7. Improve sleep hygiene: Establish a “no screens” rule for at least an hour before bedtime to improve sleep quality.
8. Curate your feed: If you’re not ready to quit entirely, start by unfollowing accounts that make you feel negative or trigger excessive use.
9. Use social media with intention: When you do use social media, set a specific purpose instead of mindlessly scrolling.
10. Find an accountability partner: Find a friend or family member who can support you in your efforts to reduce social media use.
11. Replace virtual connections with real ones: Make an effort to connect with friends and family in person rather than relying on social media interactions.
12. Practice gratitude: Regularly reflect on the blessings in your life to counteract the tendency to compare yourself to others on social media.
13. Engage in spiritual disciplines: Prioritize time for prayer, Bible study, and other spiritual practices to stay centered and gain perspective.
14. Seek professional help: If you’re struggling to control your social media use on your own, consider talking to a therapist or counselor who specializes in behavioral addictions.

Remember, breaking a social media addiction is a process that requires patience and persistence. Be kind to yourself as you work toward healthier habits.

The One True Solution for Social Media Addiction

While the suggested strategies can be helpful, as Christians, we believe that true transformation comes through a relationship with Jesus Christ. The apostle Paul reminds us in Philippians 4:13, “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.”

Here are some biblical principles that can guide us in overcoming social media addiction:

1. Renewing the mind: Romans 12:2 says, “Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind.” This involves consciously replacing worldly thought patterns with God’s truth.
2. Seeking God’s kingdom first: In Matthew 6:33, Jesus instructs us to “seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.” When we prioritize our relationship with God, other things, including our use of technology, fall into proper perspective.
3. Finding identity in Christ: Galatians 2:20 reminds us, “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me.” Understanding our true identity in Christ can free us from the need for validation through social media.
4. Practicing self-control: Galatians 5:22–23 lists self-control as a fruit of the Spirit. As we grow in our faith, the Holy Spirit empowers us to exercise greater control over our behaviors, including our social media use.
5. Getting community support: Ecclesiastes 4:9–10 tells us, “Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor: If either of them falls down, one can help the other up.” Being part of a supportive Christian community can provide accountability and encouragement in overcoming addiction.
6. Prayer and dependence on God: James 5:16 encourages us, “The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective.” Bringing our struggles with social media before God in prayer can be a powerful step toward healing.
7. Filling our minds with good things: Philippians 4:8 advises, “Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think about such things.” Consciously filling our minds with positive, godly content can help counteract the often negative effects of social media.

By grounding our approach to social media in these biblical principles, we can work toward a healthier relationship with technology that aligns with our faith and values.

Conclusion

As we’ve explored in this article, social media addiction is a complex issue with far-reaching effects on our physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. While social media platforms offer many benefits, their addictive potential poses significant challenges for individuals, families, and society as a whole.

Christians living in the digital age are called to navigate these challenges with wisdom and discernment. We must remember that while technology itself is neutral, how we use it can either enhance or hinder our relationship with God and others. The apostle Paul’s words in 1 Corinthians 6:12 are particularly relevant: “‘I have the right to do anything,’ you say—but not everything is beneficial. ‘I have the right to do anything’—but I will not be mastered by anything.”

The key is to maintain a balanced perspective. Social media can be a powerful tool for connection, learning, and even ministry when used intentionally and in moderation. However, we must be vigilant to ensure that it doesn’t become an idol that consumes our time, attention, and emotional energy at the expense of real-world relationships and spiritual growth.

As we strive to overcome and develop healthier digital habits, let’s remember that our ultimate source of fulfillment and identity is not found in likes, shares, or followers, but in our relationship with God. Jesus’s words in Matthew 11:28–30 offer a beautiful invitation, especially for people who need spiritual rest:

In a world that often feels overwhelming and that constantly calls us to connect digitally, this promise of rest and peace is more relevant than ever. By grounding ourselves in God’s love and truth, we can develop a healthier relationship with social media and technology, using these tools to enrich our lives and faith rather than letting them control us.

Let us move forward with intention, wisdom, and grace, always seeking to honor God in how we engage with the digital world. May we use our time and technology in ways that reflect his love, build genuine connections, and contribute positively to our communities and the world.

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The Bible paints a vivid picture of a real spiritual battle taking place beyond what we can physically see, and it tells us we have a role in it. Spiritual warfare is the ongoing conflict between the forces of God and the forces of evil—an unseen battle that influences our thoughts, choices, and the world around us. It’s not fought with physical weapons, but through truth, faith, prayer, and reliance on Christ’s victory.

Whether you’re new to the idea or have already experienced moments of spiritual conflict, this post will help you recognize the reality of spiritual warfare, understand who our true enemy is, and learn how to stand firm in faith.

What Is Spiritual Warfare?

Since the dawn of time, it seems that there have been stories of good fighting evil. In literature, this idea is often personified by a protagonist and an antagonist. Human nature almost demands that there be heroes and villains . . . or maybe more accurately, a savior and a satan (or adversary).

Is Spiritual Warfare Real?

Yes—but not in the way pop culture or mythology often portray it. When some people think of warfare in the spiritual realm, they imagine hand-to-hand combat between dissatisfied gods, like Thor and Loki in the Marvel comics. Others picture mystical rituals—like pulling tarot cards to uncover hidden powers or battle unseen forces. But the Bible’s picture of spiritual warfare is neither fantastical nor mystical.

What Is Spiritual Warfare in the Bible?

To start, what does the Bible say about spiritual warfare? The apostle Paul explains in Ephesians 6:12, “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” The reference to heavenly realms reveals that this warfare is not of material origin. The battle is spiritual and therefore occurs in the spiritual realm. It is actively occurring today and will not come to an end until Christ returns.

Who Are Our Spiritual Enemies?

The enemy is not an object but rather a spiritual force, which can include human minds (2 Corinthians 10:4–5). Paul teaches that tearing down bad, harmful arguments and false doctrine is part of our spiritual battle.

Yes, there’s also pain, suffering, and broken relationships brought on by people. Yet, we’re instructed that it’s the “spiritual forces of evil” who are our true enemies in this battle. In this sense, the person who cut you off on your way to work or even someone who has deeply wounded, manipulated, or rejected you is acting in a disordered spiritual way.

We battle against:

• the world: sinful dispositions, beliefs, and behaviors of humans embedded in societal structures
• the flesh: our own sinful dispositions 
• the devil: Satan and his demons

These three are the “enemy.”

How Does Spiritual Warfare Work?

In spiritual battle, the enemy—in this case, Satan—attempts to separate you from what is true, good, and beautiful. He works to separate you from the creator God who wants to save you and be in relationship with you.

The Bible tells us who Satan is. In Hebrew, Satan means adversary. He is a created spirit who roams the earth (Colossians 1:15–16; Job 1:6–7). 1 Peter 5:8 describes Satan prowling like a lion with the intent to devour us. This devouring is a form of spiritual destruction. One example of this could be to consume a person so greatly in despair or sin that they can’t see the possibility of God’s hope.

We also know from Jesus in John 10:10 that the devil is like a thief who has come “only to steal, kill and destroy.” The term “only” informs us that there is no good intent or motivation. The devil is proud, cunning, and hateful. He wants as few people as possible to surrender their lives to Christ, and if he can’t convince them otherwise, he wants to keep them as far away as possible from experiencing the truth and love of God.

But what about the other enemies or “spiritual forces of evil”? The Bible speaks of demons who are fallen angels. They are spirit-beings that intend to devour that which is good. We also know that they greatly fear Jesus (Matthew 8:31)!

And as for the mention of sin as our enemy? Sin can be defined in a number of ways. It’s helpful to think through the Bible’s frequent use of “light” and “darkness.” These terms can be understood as good and evil or even as “the presence of God” and “the absence of God.” Sin is that which leads one into darkness, going against his good will and therefore being absent from the Father. In spiritual warfare, the devil and his demons can torment and destroy but it’s our sinfulness that distances us from the Father. This barrier keeps us from enjoying the wonderful things the Lord has for us which are outlined in the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22–23) and elsewhere.

As a follower of Christ, it’s important to note that sinfulness can no longer separate you from God. Through Christ’s death and resurrection, you’ve been freed from the bondage of sin and death. The veil has been torn and God’s children can be in the right relationship with the Father. However, in the outflow of that relationship Christians choose to honor God with their lives, fleeing from sin and “the old self,” and putting on the new self (Colossians 3:10). More on that later.

How Does Satan Steal, Kill, and Destroy?

The devil is the great deceiver. You and I don’t have to look far to start to see his tactics unveiled in this spiritual battle. Before humanity had even begun, Satan’s first deception was to convince other angels to join him in rebellion against their Creator. It may appear at times that he’s winning, but we know that Jesus already has the victory (Revelation 12:9–12)!

Only three chapters into the book of Genesis, we see two of Satan’s key strategies revealed. When Satan appears to Eve as a serpent in the Garden of Eden, he asks her, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?” (Genesis 3:1).

He begins by introducing doubt and twisting the truth. He wants Eve to think that God might be lying to her or withholding some form of good from her.

Then, he goes on to tempt her with power and status—to not be content with being made in God’s image but rather to become like God himself. Interestingly, this mirrors the very temptation that led to Satan’s own downfall. He was not satisfied with being a worshipful creature; instead, he sought to overthrow the Creator and become the one worshiped. In the same way, he now entices Eve with the promise of divine authority. He goes on to tell her, “For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” (Genesis 3:5). Eve takes the fruit and shares it with Adam—and we know what happens next. Sin, shame, pain, curses, etc.

But think about your own life. When we desire something that we know might be off-limits, the thought creeps in: “Did God really say that’s wrong?” “Would God really keep that from me?” “Does God really care about something so small?” . . . and what often follows are thoughts of defense and entitlement. We see this in the world all the time: Did God really say the love of money is wrong? Would God really want to keep me from choosing who to love? Does God really care if I stop going to church?

Such thoughts begin to creep in and grow louder and louder. They put a nagging feeling in our hearts that God isn’t trustworthy. Or maybe for someone who is a rule-follower, it starts to make you feel like you might be someone unworthy of God’s call because you’re doubting and maybe God won’t love you anymore. But guess what? The result of succumbing to one or either of these things is sin or shame—which pulls you away from God. But these are not the devil’s only tactics.

An encounter between Jesus and Satan reveals more.

How Did Jesus Fight Temptation?

Jesus, by taking on human flesh, also experienced and overcame spiritual temptation. While fasting 40 days in the desert, the devil came to him and tried various methods to tempt him into sin. Matthew 4:1–11 outlines what Jesus faced in the wilderness. In a series of tests, Jesus overcame:

• Temptation of physical desire: After 40 days of fasting, Satan tempted Jesus to turn stones into bread to inappropriately satisfy his hunger. Jesus responds, “It is written: ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.’”
  
• Temptation of authority: Satan tempts Jesus to inappropriately put God to the test by asking him to jump off a building and command the angels to rescue him. Jesus responds, “It is also written: ‘Do not put the Lord your God to the test.’”
  
• Temptation of power/idolatry: Satan tempts Jesus with power over the earth (in that time), if he were to bow down and worship the devil. Jesus responds, “Away from me, Satan! For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.’”

In each scenario, Jesus used the truth of Scripture to rebuke the devil. Also, remember that Jesus was not alone. The Holy Spirit was present with him while he was in the desert to strengthen him on his messianic mission (Matthew 4:1) and the angels attended to him (Matthew 4:11).

Christians can be confident that we have never been and will never be abandoned or forsaken when facing temptations. Alongside this, we can rest assured that we won’t be tempted beyond what we can handle and the Lord will always provide a way out (1 Corinthians 10:13).

But will the enemy always come so obviously, like in the form of a snake with Eve or directly as himself to Jesus? C. S. Lewis takes a crack at the answer in his book The Screwtape Letters, a fictional set of letters between a demon mentor (Screwtape) and his demon assistant/nephew (Wormwood). Here, Screwtape advises:

“Murder is no better than cards if cards can do the trick. Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual one—the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts.”

This is why spiritual disciplines and practices are so important—they help us partner with the Holy Spirit to do what we cannot do on our own. As the late philosopher Dallas Willard used to say, “Grace is not opposed to effort.”

The Spiritual Realm Is Not Fantasy

Some people view spiritual warfare as grand, magic-filled events. But the “magic” they’re referring to is full of cheap tricks.

Think about paranormal movies. It’s the old woman in an attic rocking chair that unsettles you. It’s the children’s doll that seems to be watching you. In the 2018 film Hereditary, demonic activity is depicted in the form of supernatural stalking. The audience watches as high schooler Peter wakes up in the middle of the night with the sense that he’s being watched. Unbeknownst to him, his possessed mother slinks away by crawling across the ceiling and out of his room to torment him at a later time.

But this depiction of paranormal activity is smoke and mirrors for the real thing. Why would a deceiver waste time on haunting people when a whispered lie would be so much easier? Or why waste time on terrifying someone if increasing their frustration would work more efficiently? You might say that “the devil is in the details.”

The deceiver will use the most effective tactics for his mission, which are often those that seem gentle and gradual. As 2 Corinthians 11:14–15 reminds us, Satan disguises himself as an angel of light, and his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness—his deception is rarely obvious but often appears good and true at first glance.

This is not to argue that all demonic activity is quiet and “practical.” We’ve all heard of something more grandiose in a friend or family member’s life (or maybe you’ve even experienced it yourself). But particularly in the western world, this kind of spiritual activity occurs less frequently. In the RTB Press book Lights in the Sky and Little Green Men, the authors discuss the connections between occult practices and bodily experiences with the demonic. If these experiences do occur, they should not blind you to the everyday strategies of the devil to tempt you to sin.

Due to movies or shared stories, there might be the worry that something “bad” could happen to you. So to answer the elephant in the room: Can Christians become possessed by a demon? No! Those who have been sealed by the Holy Spirit cannot have their body taken over by an evil force. But, can Christians experience spiritual opposition, temptation, or oppression? Yes.

This means you and I will need to know how to resist the devil, his demons, and sin.

How to Fight Spiritual Warfare

In our battle to flee from sin and run toward the goodness of God, we can find reliable guidance in Scripture. Our greatest defense is the truth of the gospel.

If the deceiver uses the power of darkness, our greater defense is found in the light of the resurrection and the certainty of Jesus’s victory over death. We first see Satan at work in Genesis 3, where God immediately speaks a promise of victory: the offspring of the woman will crush the head of the serpent (Genesis 3:15).

Through Jesus’s death and resurrection, victory can be ours. Ephesians 2:8–9 teaches this explicitly:

“For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.”

First and foremost, there is nothing that can separate you from Christ’s victory over sin and death. You have been justified through faith. Even better, Paul is directly stating that this isn’t our own doing but the work of Christ. That means we can’t mess it up! Our greatest tool in fighting this spiritual war is to remember what the King has done for us.

On occasion, you might find yourself cracking under the pressure of desire, temptation, suffering, etc. The Bible speaks of us as “jars of clay”, evoking imagery of a common household object in ancient times that was quite fragile but served as a lamp to light the darkness. These too could crack. 2 Corinthians 4:6–10 reminds us that we hold a treasure in our lamp, which is the light of the gospel. The apostle tells us that there may be times we feel “hard pressed on every side, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not abandoned; struck down, but not destroyed,” all because we carry the truth of Christ in our minds.

This hope lives within you. The light of the gospel prevails and will cast out all darkness. When you face temptation and darkness, remind yourself of these three things:

• Who Jesus is
• What Jesus has done for you
• Who Jesus calls you to be

Put On the Armor of God

With the understanding fully fixed that the gospel is our central defense against spiritual attacks, Paul expands in his letter to the Ephesians on how we can be equipped to fight. He explains that we must put on the armor of God. For the original audience of this letter, Paul is invoking the common image of a Roman soldier. Just as we don’t wrestle against flesh and blood, Paul is not describing physical armor for the Christian to wear but metaphorical armor that we use against the attacks of the enemy.

Ephesians 6:10–18 provides us with a list of six pieces of armor:

• Belt of truth
• Breastplate of righteousness
• Shoes of the gospel
• Shield of faith
• Helmet of salvation
• Sword of the Spirit

And finally, a lifeline to the One who protects:

• Prayer in the Spirit

New Testament scholar Clinton Arnold shares a helpful roadmap for understanding how to “dress” in these pieces in his commentary on Ephesians:

“Knowing the truth of how we are in union with Christ, cultivating the virtues of this new identity, and using the resources available through this new relationship are at the heart of what it means to put on the armor of God.” (emphasis added)

Among scholars there are varying approaches to interpreting the armor of God but it’s particularly helpful to consider both the literal and possible secondary meaning. This is expressed in the quote above regarding the idea of knowing the truth, cultivating the virtues, and using the resources available. For example, putting on the belt of truth can refer to the reading and recalling of Scripture as well as the practice of truthfulness and right reasoning. A strong defense against sin and temptation is to walk in such a way that we are integrous to the mission God has given us. Put off ill-talk, deceit, or the temptation to spread a “white lie.”

The armor of God is not just about ideas but about lifestyle. Spiritually defending yourself can look like everyday living and everyday actions.

Once again, the enemy is hoping and preying (pun intended) that you will focus more on his lies and attacks than on the defenses and tools you’ve been given. Author C. S. Lewis helps us understand this battle in The Screwtape Letters where he writes under the pen of a demon:

“Do not be deceived, Wormwood [Screwtape’s nephew]. Our cause is never more in danger than when a human, no longer desiring, but still intending, to do our Enemy’s [God’s] will, looks round upon a universe from which every trace of Him [God] seems to have vanished, and asks why he has been forsaken, and still obeys.” (context explained in brackets)

Obedience to Christ is a powerful tool!

Among the pieces of armor, you’ll notice one offensive tool: the sword of the Spirit. In the desert after 40 days of fasting, Jesus used the Hebrew Scriptures he knew to thwart the lies of the enemy. We need to be hungry for the Word of God so that in days of weariness and spiritual thirst, we have a weapon to fight with to defend ourselves.

In 2 Corinthians 10:3–5, we see that we’re waging war with spiritual weapons, not those of flesh and blood. Instead, we have access to weapons of divine power that demolish strongholds. You may have heard of the devil attempting to get “footholds” in your life. A foothold in this case is simply an anchor of temptation by which you may be further tempted toward destruction. It could be physical, mental, or emotional temptation. But Paul says in verse 5 that “We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ.”

Perhaps it’s false teaching that you must deconstruct and reconstruct with God’s truth. At Reasons to Believe, we share strong apologetic arguments for the truth of Scripture in order to break footholds in people’s lives. Knowing the truth and using good arguments to combat bad ones is vital. Good resources like RTB’s many helpful books feed your soul with knowledge of the living God and equip your mind to serve him in this way.

Prayer in Spiritual Warfare

Finally, our greatest resource for spiritual warfare is prayer. There are numerous examples in the Bible where God’s people have made their requests known to him through prayer and fasting and found deliverance from an oppressor.

Prayer is not only how Christians can make requests to God, but it’s where we can find the Lord’s comfort in our confusion, pain, or grief. The topic of spiritual warfare can sometimes bring up feelings of fear and anxiety. But remember, 1 Peter 5:7 says, “Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you.” Prayer is where we can abide in the Lord, seek strengthening of the soul, and find comfort.

Prayer Against Spiritual Attacks

If you feel attacked by the enemy or by sinful desire, pray. Even better, pray with others who have put their faith in Jesus! If you find yourself saying “I can’t pray . . . I can’t talk to God,” don’t stop the thought there. There’s deception behind the “can’t” that maybe has you feeling chained and alone or stuck in pride and brokenness.

Escape the lies of the enemy with the truth of the gospel. It’s not about what you have done, it is about what he has done. Because of Jesus’s resurrection, the wall that has kept you apart from God has been torn down and there is joy and life awaiting you in relationship with God. The Holy Spirit is promised to those who believe and he groans in prayer on your behalf to turn what is broken into what is pleasing to God. Pray in the Spirit knowing that the Father loves you and only has good plans for you.

You have been equipped by the gospel, the armor of God, and by access to prayer. You’re able to stand against the schemes of the devil because there is one who has already gone before you—Jesus Christ.

After all this discussion, you still might be wondering . . .

The Reality of Spiritual Warfare

If you spend any time around faith discussions, media, or online personalities, you’ve probably noticed two opposite ways people respond to the idea of a spiritual realm.

The first response comes from those who dismiss the reality of spiritual warfare—sometimes out of skepticism, or simply because it feels easier not to think about it.

The second response comes from those who are hyperaware of demonic forces, which can lead to inciting fear and conspiratorial thinking regarding all-powerful aliens or monsters, and ultimately subscribing to mysticism. In the preface of The Screwtape Letters, author C. S. Lewis offers a clear warning:

There are two equal and opposite errors into which our race can fall about the devils. One is to disbelieve in their existence. The other is to believe, and to feel an excessive and unhealthy interest in them. They themselves are equally pleased by both errors and hail a materialist or a magician with the same delight.

So perhaps a part of the deceiver’s plan is for us to think there are only “two” explanations to choose from when it comes to spiritual warfare: naturalism (the belief that the physical world is all there is) or magic.

In North America, we see that those who identify as Christians are more likely to fall into the first category. In 2009 The Barna Group released a study revealing that 40% of Christians “strongly agreed that Satan ‘is not a living being but is a symbol of evil’” and 19% agreed somewhat with the statement. Equally concerning, “38% strongly agreed and 20% agreed somewhat that the Holy Spirit is ‘a symbol of God’s power or presence but is not a living entity’” (emphasis added). Be aware that one of the devil’s greatest strategies is doubt—doubting his existence and doubting that your greatest Helper, the Holy Spirit, stands ready to guide you toward light and freedom.

Hold strong to the reality of the spiritual realm, but equally know that you’ve been equipped to defend the flaming arrows of the devil. Ultimately, we can always cling to the hope that Christ defeated the powers of darkness when he pronounced “It is finished” on the cross.

Strengthen Your Defense

If you’re looking for further teaching on spiritual warfare, we encourage you to check out these resources:

• New Testament scholar Clinton Arnold shares a simple strategy of defense in his book 3 Crucial Questions about Spiritual Warfare. 
• In Defending Your Marriage: The Reality of Spiritual Battle, professor of communication Tim Muehlhoff goes into detail in chapter 5 about what types of questions you should be asking yourself when it comes to each aspect of the armor of God.
• Finally, Ken Samples in his article “Feed on the Faith: Grace-Oriented Spiritual Renewal” shares spiritual truths and strategies to ground yourself in the light.
• If you have not yet given your life to Christ but recognize the reality of spiritual darkness and need for light, we recommend that you continue to ask yourself what is true, good, and beautiful. If you’ve come to a place where you know you need to surrender your life to Christ, receive the Holy Spirit, and have defenses against spiritual warfare, we encourage you to read our blog on how to put your trust in the one and only Savior.

The post Spiritual Warfare: What It Means and How to Stand Firm appeared first on Reasons to Believe.

What does the Bible say about demons and exorcisms? Is there evidence for demonic activity? What happens during an exorcism? This article aims to help answer these questions. Let’s dive in!

Do Demons Exist?

According to the Bible, yes, demons are real. Like angels, demons are spiritual beings, created by God and able to interact with the natural realm (Romans 8:37–39).

Unlike angels, demonic spirits followed Satan in rebellion against God. Jude 6 describes demons as “angels who did not stay within their own position of authority, but left their proper dwelling” (see also 2 Peter 2:4).

Satan

Also called the “adversary,” Satan leads the fallen angels (Revelation 12) in direct opposition to God and his people. Scripture calls Satan a “roaring lion looking for someone to devour” (1 Peter 5:8) and the “father of lies” (John 8:44) who “masquerades as an angel of light” (2 Corinthians 11:12–14).

Satan’s tactics—rooted in deception, temptation, and accusation—aim to hinder humanity’s response to the gospel (Matthew 13:19) and undermine Christians’ ministry and spiritual growth.

He perpetuates false teachings, fosters jealousy and disorder (1 Timothy 4:1–5), and blurs the lines between sorcery and the power of God (Acts 8:9–25; 16:16–24) with misleading signs and wonders (Revelation 16:12–16).

Culture Shapes Views of Demons

Attitudes toward evil spirits vary significantly across the globe. In some nations, a rational and skeptical approach often relegates demons to mythology and explains demonic possession through psychology. In other parts of the world, people believe that angels and demons are tangible and formidable entities that shape the course of human affairs and can inhabit people, animals, plants, objects, and natural phenomena.

RTB founder Hugh Ross found this cultural divide to be true through firsthand observations. Some places—such as rural Africa and the Soviet Union—reported high levels of belief in and encounters with spirits; others—such as western Europe and the US—reported much lower levels of belief and few encounters.

The mixed messaging about demons, Hugh says, should not be surprising. Satan is a master strategist and manipulator. It is no mistake that accounts and beliefs about demons conflict. Deception is Satan’s goal. Thus, confusion and mystery are to his advantage. C. S. Lewis perhaps best describes this dichotomy in the introduction to his classic story of demonic mischief, The Screwtape Letters:

There are two equal and opposite errors into which our race can fall about the devils. One is to disbelieve in their existence. The other is to believe, and to feel an excessive and unhealthy interest in them. They themselves are equally pleased by both errors and hail a materialist or a magician with the same delight.

In other words, Satan and his minions employ tactics based on whatever is most effective in each region or to individual people.

Proof of Demons’ Existence

Evidence for evil spirits comes chiefly from recorded observations, rather than scientific experiments. In the book Lights in the Sky and Little Green Men, Hugh notes that topics like demons and their activities “lie beyond the reach of direct scientific confirmation.” Science publications tend to focus on natural phenomena, and so are unlikely to accept articles about demons.

Accounts of demonic activity are plentiful. It requires both discernment and an open mind to sort through the data. To explain away all paranormal activity as natural phenomena is as equally unhelpful as it is to see demons everywhere.

Fortunately, there is serious scholarship dedicated to documenting and examining reports of demonic activity.

Psychiatrist Richard Gallagher, a devout Catholic and respected authority on demon possession, has spent decades consulting for priests trained in exorcism. In a 2008 article for New Oxford Review, Gallagher sought to “document a contemporary and clear-cut case of demonic possession.”

His goal was to both persuade the skeptics with credible, reasoned testimony and to equip believers (clerics in particular) “to recognize the many and infinitely more common ‘counterfeits.’” James Patterson, a psychiatrist and member of RTB’s Scholar Community, notes that Gallagher’s report is “detailed, specific, and exacting,” making it a helpful case study.

Is Demonic Possession Real?

Yes, eyewitness testimony and biblical accounts say that demonic possession really does happen—albeit rarely. The Bible’s accounts of possession and exorcism appear exclusively in the New Testament, mostly in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. (The Old Testament says very little about demons and nothing about exorcism.)

Symptoms of Demonic Possession

Gallagher identifies three types of “extraordinary attacks”: infestation, oppression, and possession. Infestation pertains to disturbances in a location or object. Oppression, which can mimic psychosis, involves attacks and manipulation without full control.

Possession is typically thought of as a demon (or demons) indwelling and controlling a human host from within. The symptoms tend to be “more flamboyant,” as Gallagher puts it. These can include:

• profanity and blasphemy,

• speaking in unusual or unknown languages,

• exhibiting psychic knowledge,

• experiencing trances with no recollection afterward,

• radical fluctuations in body temperature,

• unnatural strength,

• contortions of the face and limbs,

• foaming at the mouth,

• and strong reactions to holy water and sacred objects.

Some exorcists also report seeing telekinesis and levitation.

Demonic Possessions in the Bible

Several of these symptoms appear in the biblical accounts. For example, all the demons that encounter Christ show awareness of his identity, which their human victims would not have known otherwise.

The demoniacs at the Gadarenes tombs were violent and superhumanly strong—to the point that they could not be restrained.

A desperate father describes a demon attempting to throw his son into fire or water, indicating forcible control over the boy’s body. A Canaanite woman describes her possessed daughter as “suffering terribly.”

Paul and Silas meet a slave girl possessed by a spirit of divination that she uses for fortune telling, implying psychic knowledge. And Acts 19:1–22 describes a lone demoniac with enough strength to soundly thrash seven men who attempt an exorcism.

Modern-Day Examples of Demonic Possession

Demonic possession still occurs, and exorcisms are still practiced today. Men such as the California-based Father Gary Thomas and the late renowned Father Gabriele Amorth are among the increasing number of Vatican-trained exorcists at work in recent decades. Both have written or spoken extensively about their experiences and have been the subjects of Hollywood films (Thomas of The Rite in 2011, and Amorth of The Pope’s Exorcist in 2023).

While the film adaptations favor the sensational, both Thomas and Amorth, as well as consulting psychiatrists like Gallagher, provide helpful insights into real demonic activity.

• Father Gary Thomas – The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist, biography by Matt Baglio (2010)

• Father Gabriele Amorth – An Exorcist Tells His Story, autobiography (1999)

• Dr. Richard Gallagher – Demonic Foes: My Twenty-Five Years as a Psychiatrist Investigating Possessions, Diabolic Attacks, and the Paranormal, autobiography (2022)

Gallagher had his first experience with demonic possession in the 1980s, when a Catholic priest asked the psychiatrist for help assessing a woman for potential possession. The woman’s symptoms—secret psychic knowledge and speaking languages she had no practice in—defied psychological explanation.

RTB’s Hugh Ross also reports encountering demoniacs several times during his years of ministry. On a lecture tour in the Soviet Union, Hugh met a group of Russian philosophers who brought with them an oppressive atmosphere and exhibited behavior indicative of possession, such as wild shouting and obscenities directed at Christ.

However, not all demonic attacks are obvious.

Psychosis vs. Possession

Confusing psychosis, trauma response, or drug addictions for demonic possession is a very common occurrence. In fact, Father Amorth estimated that 98% of the people he assessed in his career were suffering mental illness, not possession.

This factor highlights the need to differentiate between possession and psychological conditions. The Catholic Church, in their official rules governing exorcisms, emphasizes the need for collaboration with medical professionals like Gallagher, whom Thomas cites as his go-to expert. United States law actually requires physical exams and psychological assessments prior to an exorcism.

Misdiagnosis can have devastating consequences. In 1976, Anneliese Michel, a young German woman, died as a result of intense exorcism treatments. Michel’s parents and the attending priests were convicted of negligent homicide. Catholic officials retracted the original claims of possession and others have since argued that Michel should have been treated for mental illness instead.

When people ask Hugh about identifying real demon possession, he also advises thorough medical and psychiatric assessment before concluding that demonic activity is at play. Likewise, RTB philosopher-theologian Kenneth Samples advises that teamwork between professionals (clergy, therapists, doctors, etc.) is essential for proper assessment.

How Can Someone Become Demon Possessed?

Possession occurs “by invitation only,” as Hugh puts it. Certain behaviors and activities open the door for demonic influence. Sometimes the door is opened knowingly; sometimes it is opened in ignorance.

What are the keys to this door?

Occultic Practices

Remember the woman in Gallagher’s first encounter? She was a self-proclaimed Satanic priestess. Those Russian philosophers who interrupted Hugh’s lecture—they were professors of occult research. In most cases of demonic possession, occult practices are a factor.

Thomas refers to occultic activities collectively as “paganism.” The list includes use of tarot cards and Ouija boards, consulting palm readers, mediums, and witches, and certain meditation practices like Reiki and yoga. Mind-altering practices—like channeling and drug use—also open doors for demonic activity. Basically, it’s anything that attempts to, as Hugh explains, “seek knowledge—and power—apart from God’s intended and freely given revelation of truth.”

Many of these practices are seen as harmless. And many are gaining popularity. The results, Thomas explains, are serious:

It looks benign, but it’s not. The vast majority of people who come to me do not get involved in this stuff in order to connect to Satan but you’re creating an impression of a desire for a relationship. That’s what a possession is—it’s a relationship. And it’s not equal.

Hugh has observed that occultic behaviors can invite demonic influence over a person’s close relatives and sexual partners, too.

Abuse can motivate a person to experiment with the occult. “That’s a soul wound,” Thomas explains. “In an attempt to get well, people sometimes turn to these pagan ways.”

What Does the Bible Say About Occult Participation?

In short, God forbids it. Human sacrifice to demons, divination, sorcery, witchcraft and spell casting, interpreting omens, and attempting to contact spirits or the dead are all emphatically prohibited.

Deuteronomy 18:10–12 lays it all out and says, “Anyone who does these things is detestable to the Lord; because of these same detestable practices the Lord your God will drive out those nations before you.”

Unrepentant Sin

Unwillingness to repent and turn from sin also leaves people vulnerable to demonic influence. Examples include occult practices, idolatry, sexual perversion, pride, and wrath.

Romans 1 warns that God will give over the unrepentant to futile thinking, darkened hearts, shameful lusts, and depraved minds—all fertile ground for demons.

Can Christians Be Demon Possessed?

While the Bible does not say directly that demons cannot possess a Christian, the overall teaching of Scripture supports the conclusion that Christians can rest secure knowing that they belong to God and no one else.

• Christians are indwelt by the Holy Spirit, who will not share space with demons (1 Corinthians 6:19).

• The Holy Spirit, as the third person of the Trinity, is greater than Satan or any demon (1 John 4:4).

• Demons cannot separate us from God’s love (Romans 8:38–39).

• A person without the Holy Spirit is like a house left unguarded against intruders (Luke 11:24–26).

Now, Christians can experience demonic harassment. Missionaries often report encountering demonic resistance to their presence or their ministry. Christians must also be on guard against temptation to sin. The apostle Paul warns believers against trying to play both sides of the field (1 Corinthians 10:18–21).

Are Exorcisms Real?

History and the Bible say, yes. People have been attempting to repel demons since history began. In fact, according to Father Thomas, requests for exorcism are steadily increasing.

What Does the Bible Say About Exorcism?

The New Testament provides numerous examples of Jesus and his apostles performing exorcisms.

Jesus regularly exorcised demons (Matthew 8:16). His authority to cast out demons via direct command was a sign of his messiahship (Matthew 12, Mark 3, and Luke 11). Jesus explained that his power came from the Spirit of God, not by collusion with the demons. Rather, demons recognized and feared Jesus (Matthew 8:29, Mark 1:24, and Luke 8:28).

Jesus also empowered his disciples to cast out demons in his name (Matthew 10:1–8, Mark 6:7–13, and Luke 9:1–7, 10:1–17). The apostles regularly performed exorcisms, and the early church continued this practice. Many Christians believe this authority is still granted to believers today (Mark 16:17).

However, there are limitations on Christians’ authority that were not on Christ’s. The disciples failed to drive the demon out of the boy brought to them by his father. Jesus explained that the efficacy of exorcisms sometimes requires prayer and fasting (Mark 9:14–29).

Jesus is the only one with total, unquestioned authority over demons.

What Happens During an Exorcism?

The answer to this question depends on the branch of Christianity involved. Calling on the name and power of Jesus Christ, as well as prayer and fasting, is standard practice.

What to Do If You Encounter a Demon-Possessed Person

If you encounter a person you believe to be possessed, be prayerful and cautious. Seek trustworthy pastoral counsel and do not confront the demon alone. While the power of Christ is certainly greater than Satan’s, the strength and malevolence of demonic forces should not be treated lightly.

Hugh advises Christians never to seek out such situations deliberately. It’s also vital to address any root problems, such as involvement in occult practices or substance abuse, and to ensure that the possessed person genuinely desires to be healed.

Hope in Christ

Exorcism and demon possession are heavy topics. So, let’s conclude by turning our attention to the hope, security, and confidence we have in Christ.

At the end of the day, Christ guarantees victory over Satan and his demons. Jesus himself secured that victory through his sinless life, his atoning death on the cross, and his triumphant resurrection from the grave. And he’ll deal the final blow at the Second Coming.

In the meantime, as Christians await that final day, we can follow the apostle Paul’s instructions in Ephesians 6:

Dig Deeper

If you are not yet a Christian but would like to partake in the hope and security Jesus freely offers, please see our article “How to Become a Christian.” God bless you!

To learn more about demon possession and exorcism, Kenneth Samples recommends these resources:

• Sense and Nonsense About Angels and Demons by Kenneth D. Boa and Robert M. Bowman Jr.

• Principalities and Powers by John Warwick Montgomery

The post Are Exorcisms Real? appeared first on Reasons to Believe.

However, as fallen sinners human beings channel their love and worship away from God and toward other things. So while creation makes humans lovers and worshipers, our fallen condition makes us idolaters. 

The apostle Paul describes that fallen and idolatrous human condition in his letter to the Romans: “For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened” (Romans 1:21). 

St. Augustine (354–430) described these sins as reflecting “disordered loves.” Fallen human beings love temporal things more, and eternal things less, which leads to a deep-seated discontentment and unfulfillment in life. These disordered loves, in turn, disrupt the natural order of people’s lives. Augustine and the Protestant reformer Martin Luther (1483–1546) described the sinful condition as incurvatus in se—Latin for the person being “curved in on himself” rather than outward toward God as intended in creation.

Three Common Disordered Loves¹
The deep irony of the fallen condition is that the sin one often commits is actually the misuse of things that are in and of themselves good. Let’s consider three such sins of disorder and their virtuous biblical counterparts.²

The sin of gluttony can be described as the excessive love or overindulgence or lack of self-restraint when it comes to food and drink. Of course, food and drink are good, necessary, and enjoyable things. So gluttony is the misuse of the good. 

The contrasting biblical virtue is temperance or self-control. In the context of sexual immorality, the apostle Paul’s general injunction can apply: “Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your bodies” (1Corinthians 6:19–20).

The sin of greed or avarice is the excessive love or concern for money. It is seen as a common vice of the sinful nature and is compared to idolatry (Colossians 3:5–10). The apostle Paul states: “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs” (1 Timothy 6:10). 

The contrasting biblical virtue is generosity. Jesus teaches that God is generous in giving us his grace, mercy, and love. God promises to provide for his children’s needs and we should also be generous in our giving in return (Matthew 6:19–34). The author of the book of Hebrews states: “And do not forget to do good and to share with others, for with such sacrifices God is pleased” (Hebrews 13:16).

The sin of lust is described as a strong craving or inordinate desire or love for sexual relations. While sex is also a good thing, lust and sexually immoral actions spoil God’s good intended plan for sex. Lust begins as a thought in a person’s mind, but, as Christian thinker David Naugle notes: “Adultery is the offspring of lust.”³ And as Jesus warned: “But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” (Matthew 5:28). 

The contrasting biblical virtue is sexual purity. Paul says: “It is God’s will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality; that each of you should learn to control your own body in a way that is holy and honorable, not in passionate lust like the pagans, who do not know God” (1 Thessalonians 4:3–5).

The perverse nature of sin is that it isn’t just doing bad things but also misusing good things. Thus, the sinful condition is reflected in disordered loves or affections.

Grace: Unmerited Favor and Power
If you feel convicted by the content of this article, recognize that as the writer I do as well. As a Christian teacher, I never talk about human sin without also talking about God’s grace. Sin disorders our lives and separates us from God. But God’s saving grace in Christ reconciles us back to God and motivates and empowers us to live a godly life.

Here’s what the apostle Paul reveals about God’s saving grace in our Savior Jesus Christ:

But when the kindness and love of God our Savior appeared, he saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life. This is a trustworthy saying. And I want you to stress these things, so that those who have trusted in God may be careful to devote themselves to doing what is good. These things are excellent and profitable for everyone. (Titus 3:4–8)

Here’s the Scriptural pattern of salvation:⁴

• Saved by grace
• Through faith
• In Christ 
• Not by works
• Saving grace motivates good works

Takeaway
As divine image bearers we were initially created with the end or goal of loving and worshiping our holy and benevolent Creator. However, our common fallenness before God has led to the catastrophe of becoming idolaters who are now separated from him. That fallen and disordered state often causes us to misuse the temporal and finite good things in our lives—food, money, and sex.

But the good news of the gospel is that we have been rescued from our sins by the saving work of Jesus Christ on the cross and that God’s grace through the Holy Spirit has begun the sanctifying process of reordering our moral lives.

Be encouraged by what Paul states in Ephesians 2:4–5: “But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions—it is by grace you have been saved.”

Resources

• Anthony A. Hoekema, Saved by Grace

• David K. Naugle, Reordered Love, Reordered Lives: Learning the Deep Meaning of Happiness

• Kenneth Richard Samples, 7 Truths That Changed the World: Discovering Christianity’s Most Dangerous Ideas, chapters 9 and 10

Endnotes

1. For a discussion of divine grace and human sin as disordered loves, see Kenneth Samples, “God’s Grace Is Greater Than the Seven Deadly Sins.”

2. Concerning the sins of gluttony, greed, and lust, see David K. Naugle, Reordered Love, Reordered Lives: Learning the Deep Meaning of Happiness (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008), 72–77.

3. Naugle, Reordered Love, 65.

4. For a discussion of salvation by grace and living the Christian life of sanctification, see Anthony A. Hoekema, Saved by Grace (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1989).

The post Sin as a Disorder of the Good appeared first on Reasons to Believe.

Let’s look briefly at a heresy that is arguably the deepest doctrinal challenge historic Christianity has ever faced. And yet while church theologians and apologists effectively responded to that heresy in ancient times, it never died and still remains evident today. 

Beginnings of Ancient Arianism
The First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 was called to principally confront the great doctrinal controversy surrounding the teachings of Arius of Alexandria (c. 250–336). Arius was a presbyter who taught that the Son (Jesus Christ) was a highly exalted creature of God but not equal with God himself (a denial of the full deity of Christ and, by implication, a rejection of the Trinity).

He said, “If the Father begat the Son, he that was begotten had a beginning of existence: and from this it is evident, that there was a time when the Son was not.”²

Christian theology affirms the creator-creature distinction, meaning that the triune God is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable and the creature comes into existence by an act of God’s sovereign will. But Arianism places the Son clearly on the side of the creature.

This challenge rocked historic Christianity. Historical theologian Ryan Reeves states: “The Arian controversy is one of the most important, if not the most important crisis that the church has faced in all its history.”³

Fortunately for historic Christianity, they had a champion of Christ’s deity in the Eastern church father Athanasius (c. 296–373).⁴ Athanasius was a highly adept theologian with a deep knowledge of Scripture and biblical exegesis. He had a mastery of the New Testament content that buttressed the deity of Christ, such as Jesus’s explicit and implicit divine claims (John 8:58–59; 10:30–33), instances of equating himself with Yahweh (John 5:17–18; 14:9), his insistence that he possessed divine prerogatives (Matt. 28:17–18; Mark 2:5; John 5:22), and his application of divine titles to himself (Mark 14:61–64).

But Athanasius focused on how the identity of Christ in the incarnation made it possible for him to achieve salvation. Being both God and man, Christ could represent both parties and reconcile them through redemption. For Athanasius, the logic of New Testament doctrine on salvation assumed a divine-human Christ.

Here are two of Athanasius’s biblical arguments for the deity of Christ and thus against Arianism set forth in logical form:⁵

First, for an orthodox Christology (the person and nature of Christ):

1. Only God can save people from sin (Isa. 45:21–22).
2. Jesus Christ saves people from sin (Matt. 1:21; Acts 4:12; Heb. 2:10).
3. Therefore, Jesus Christ is God (incarnate). 

Second, against an Arian Christology:

1. Only God is to be prayed to and worshipped (Ps. 105:1; Jer. 10:25).
2. The Arian Jesus is not God.
3. Therefore, praying to and worshipping the Arian Jesus constitutes idolatry (Arianism makes historic Christians, as seen in their scriptural practices [Matt. 28:17; Acts 7:59], into idolaters).

Athanasius’s arguments demonstrate that he viewed the acceptance of an Arian Christology as leading to two devastating results for Christians. Namely, an Arian Christ cannot serve as the Savior of human beings and an Arian Christ transforms Christians into practicing idolaters. 

While the Council of Nicaea came to the clear consensus that the Son was homoousios (Greek: of the same substance) with the Father and condemned Arianism as a Christological heresy, this perspective nevertheless remained popular in various quarters of Christendom for many years. 

Modern-Day Arianism
Arianism has not gone away. Arianism or Arian-like beliefs are found in contemporary religious sects like Jehovah’s Witnesses, Iglesia ni Cristo, Christadelphians, and some forms of Unitarianism, among other groups.⁶

Takeaway
The Arian view of the Son is that he was a creature and thus inferior to the Father. The historic Christian view of the Son is that he was fully divine and equal to the Father. In accordance with Scripture, historic Christianity affirms that Jesus Christ was God incarnate (a single person with both a divine and a human nature).

Reflection: Your Turn 
Have you been challenged by a person who affirms a contemporary version of Arianism?

Resources

• For a detailed biblical, theological, and apologetics discussion of the incarnation (Jesus as the God-man) and the Trinity, see Kenneth Richard Samples, Without a Doubt, chapters 5 (Trinity) and 9 (incarnation).
• For a detailed discussion of how the incarnation relates to the Trinity in terms of mystery and logic, see Christianity Cross-Examined, chapter 5.
• For a brief online article about the Scriptural grounding of trinitarianism, see my blog post “The Trinity’s Biblical Basis.”
• For a summary of the historic Christian view of Arius and Arianism, see Justin S. Holcomb’s Know the Heretics, chapter 7.
• For a summary of the historic Christian view of the Council of Nicaea and the Nicene Creed, see Justin S. Holcomb’s Know the Creeds and Councils, chapter 2.

Endnotes

1. Justin S. Holcomb, Know the Heretics (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2014), 11.

2. See Arius. Rejecting Arius’s language, historic Christianity came to view that which is begotten as reflecting anequality of nature while that which is created or made reflects an inferiority of nature. 

3. “Arius and Nicea,” Ryan M. Reeves, February 24, 2015, video, accessed June 9, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nduka-QqXbQ.

4. Kenneth R. Samples,  Classic Christian Thinkers (Covina, CA: RTB Press, 2019), chapter 2.

5. Samples, Classic Christian Thinkers, 41.6. Wikipedia, “Arianism,” last modified June 3, 2023, 7:39 PM (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism.

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My answer:  Each plague targeted a false Egyptian god or a false doctrine. Each plague was designed to show the foolishness of depending on a false god and, therefore, to engender repentance of idolatry and to encourage worship of the One True God. Each plague resulted in a larger number of Egyptians allying themselves with the Hebrew people and the Hebrew God. The exodus of people who left Egypt for the promised land was largely composed of Egyptians and residents of the Egyptian empire, rather than blood descendants of Jacob. They had repented of worshipping false Egyptian gods and had become “Hebrews”—committed followers of the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Exodus 12:38 declares that “many other people” went up with the descendants of Jacob into the exodus.

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