{"id":341736,"date":"2023-01-11T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-11T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/?post_type=publications&p=341736"},"modified":"2023-01-11T05:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-11T13:00:00","slug":"is-science-limited-to-inferring-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/creation\/universe\/is-science-limited-to-inferring-the-past","title":{"rendered":"Is Science Limited to Inferring the Past?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Question of the Week:<\/strong> How do you respond to claims often made by young-earth creationists that historical science cannot ever be directly observed, because it is in the past, and hence scientists possess only mere speculations or inferences of the past conditions of the universe and Earth? How do you respond to their claim that the Bible is the only reliable record of the past condition of the universe, Earth, and Earth’s life?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My Answer:<\/strong> Astronomy is different from all other historical sciences in that the past conditions of our galaxy and the universe are not inferred. They are directly observed. In astronomy, we have no access to the present, but we have direct access to the past because of the finite, constant velocity of light. For example, when astronomers observe the Sun, they see it as it was 8 minutes ago because that’s how long it took for light from the Sun to reach the astronomers\u2019 telescopes. Likewise, when they observe the Andromeda Galaxy, since it is 2.5 million light-years away, they see it as it was 2.5 million years ago. When they observe the most distant galaxies, they see the state of those galaxies as they were 13.2\u201313.5 billion years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The farther away astronomers observe galaxies, the younger the galaxies appear. By observing galaxies at different distances astronomers can directly watch galaxies mature from birth, to infancy, to middle age. Astronomers see no burnt-out galaxies and no black dwarf stars. The universe is too young for such galaxies and stars to exist. One reason why astronomers conclude that the universe has continuously existed for the past 13.6 billion years and that God did not create stars with the appearance of age is that they observe stars with well-determined ages where the age measurements range from 0\u201313.6 billion years.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of the time and place in which our Creator placed humans in the universe, we can directly observe 100% of the universe\u2019s past history. Apparently, the Creator wanted us to be able to read the whole of the universe\u2019s storybook! Our ability to observe 100% of the universe\u2019s past history, including the cosmic creation event, explains why, in astronomy, we get some of the most rigorous and compelling scientific evidences for the God of the Bible. See Why the Universe Is the Way It Is<\/a><\/em>; The Creator and the Cosmos, 4th ed<\/a><\/em>; A Matter of Days, 2nd ed<\/a><\/em> for details and documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bible declares that the record of nature is a trustworthy, reliable revelation from God (Romans 1:18\u201320)<\/a>. Psalm 19<\/a> proclaims that God has given us two books of revelation: the written law (the Bible) and the heavens, Earth, and the physical laws governing the heavens and the earth (the record of nature). This two-books doctrine is codified as article 2 of the Belgic Confession, one of the great Reformation creeds. It reads: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“We know God by two means: First, by the creation, preservation, and government of the universe, since that universe is before our eyes like a beautiful book in which all creatures, great and small, are as letters to make us ponder the invisible things of God: God\u2019s eternal power and divinity, as the apostle Paul says in Romans 1:20<\/a>. All these things are enough to convict humans and to leave them without excuse. Second, God makes himself known to us more clearly by his holy and divine Word, as much as we need in this life, for God\u2019s glory and for our salvation.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Explore how astronomy offers direct observation of the universe’s past, affirming both scientific inquiry and the Bible’s reliability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":586,"featured_media":343383,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_person_authors":[],"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":"","_classifai_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_scheduled":false},"categories":[64012,63993],"tags":[70598,70508],"discipline":[64073],"reading-level":[64149],"class_list":["post-341736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logic-reason","category-universe","tag-biblical-validation","tag-observational-astronomy","discipline-astronomy","reading-level-advanced-deep-dive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIs Science Limited to Inferring the 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The Bible calls us to seek truth, think critically, and test what we hear.\r\n\r\nLogic helps us recognize flawed arguments, evaluate evidence, and grow in wisdom. Even the scientific method relies on logic to examine natural and supernatural claims. Christianity isn\u2019t blind belief; it invites honest questions and stands up to scrutiny. Let\u2019s explore how logic and reason strengthen our understanding of God and his truth.","cat_name":"Logic & Reason","category_nicename":"logic-reason","category_parent":64009},{"term_id":63993,"name":"The Universe","slug":"universe","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":63993,"taxonomy":"category","description":"The laws of physics and the vastness of space reveal astonishing order\u2014far from random chaos. The universe is finely tuned with breathtaking precision. Every star, planet, and black hole reflects complexity and purpose, pointing beyond itself to a masterful Designer.\r\n\r\nFrom the origins of the cosmos to the forces that hold it together, creation declares God\u2019s power, wisdom, and love. It\u2019s time to explore the evidence behind the big bang, the days of creation, the age of the earth, and the \u2018fingerprints\u2019 of a divine Creator.","parent":63984,"count":1131,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","cat_ID":63993,"category_count":1131,"category_description":"The laws of physics and the vastness of space reveal astonishing order\u2014far from random chaos. The universe is finely tuned with breathtaking precision. Every star, planet, and black hole reflects complexity and purpose, pointing beyond itself to a masterful Designer.\r\n\r\nFrom the origins of the cosmos to the forces that hold it together, creation declares God\u2019s power, wisdom, and love. It\u2019s time to explore the evidence behind the big bang, the days of creation, the age of the earth, and the \u2018fingerprints\u2019 of a divine Creator.","cat_name":"The Universe","category_nicename":"universe","category_parent":63984}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":70598,"name":"Biblical Validation","slug":"biblical-validation","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":70595,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":89,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0"},{"term_id":70508,"name":"Observational Astronomy","slug":"observational-astronomy","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":70505,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":19,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/586"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=341736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/343383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=341736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=341736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=341736"},{"taxonomy":"discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/discipline?post=341736"},{"taxonomy":"reading-level","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reasons.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reading-level?post=341736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}